In addition to the well-known blessings for food and drinks and those of prayer, there are other blessings that are recited on different occasions.
That is the essence of the Jewish custom of recognizing God's presence in everything one experiences and humbly acknowledging His greatness.
For example, a blessing is recited upon leaving the bath, in which we thank God for the proper functioning of the body and its various parts. A blessing is also recited when enjoying a fragrance.
When thunder is heard, or lightning, a tornado or hurricane, or an earthquake is seen, a blessing is also recited acknowledging Divine creation and the power of God.
After surviving a life-threatening situation, or after making a voyage across the sea, a special blessing is recited in the presence of ten men. When embarking on a journey that will take one out of the city, the Traveler's Blessing is recited.
There is also another type of blessing, called bircot haMitzvot - blessings for the Mitzvot.
Our sages decreed that we should recite a blessing before observing each precept, with certain exceptions.
Each commandment, in turn, has its own specific blessing. However, all the blessings begin in the same way: Blessed are You, God, King of the Universe, who has sanctified us with His commandments and commanded us to... (for example, affix a Mezuzah, put on Tefillin, etc.).
Why do we bless God? Does He need our blessings? The idea is that, in reality, God is the source of all blessings, and what we are expressing when we pronounce a blessing is precisely that, Blessed are You, that is, You do not need our blessings, because You are already Blessed.
The blessing is, so to speak, a channel through which we circulate a particular energy to that Mitzvah from the source of all blessings towards us, to sanctify and elevate us through the observance of that precept.