Just as one prepares for a great event, the Jewish people went through a particular preparation prior to the Giving of the Torah on the 6th of Sivan 1313 BCE (which falls this Sunday night).
On the 1st of Sivan, six weeks after the exodus from Egypt, the people arrived at Mount Sinai in the Sinai Desert and camped at the foot of the mountain "as one man, with one heart." As a precaution, Moses said nothing to them that day because of their weariness from the journey.
The 2nd of Sivan is known as the "Day of Distinction," on which Moshe, after his first ascent of Mount Sinai, is commanded by God to tell the Jewish people: "You will be my chosen treasure out of all the nations, for all the earth is Mine. You will be for me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation" (Exodus 19:4-6)
On the 3rd of Sivan, God commanded Moses to set up barriers around the people so they would not touch Mount Sinai during the Giving of the Torah. To this day, we remember these three subsequent days as the "Three Days of Separation."«
On the 4th of Sivan, Moshe transcribed the first 68 chapters of the Torah, from Bereshit 1:1 to the Giving of the Torah (Shmot 24:4).
On the 5th of Sivan, Moshe made a covenant with the Jewish people to which they responded, "All that God said, we will do and listen" (Exodus 24:7), committing themselves to observe the Divine commandments and understand them, in that specific order.
On the 6th of Sivan, God gave the Torah to the Jewish people. The entire nation (approximately 3,000,000 people) heard God declare the first two Commandments and witnessed God's communication with Moses regarding the other eight. Following this revelation, Moses ascended Mount Sinai and remained there for 40 days and 40 nights to receive the remainder of the Torah from God.