Bnei Noach means the sons of Noah. All human beings are descendants of Noah.
More than 3,300 years ago, G-d chose the family of Avraham, Isaac and Yaakov, which is the Jewish people, and gave them the Torah, which consists in 613 commandments for the Jews. This also contains a universal message for non-Jews: the 7 Noahide laws.
Maimonides (a great wise man of the Jewish people who lived in Spain, 12th century CE) explains (at the end of chapter 8 of the Laws for Kings in Mishneh Torah) that every non-Jew who fulfills these 7 precepts is assured of the world to come, as long as he does so because he believes that G-d transmitted them to Moshe on Mount Sinai. If he only fulfills them because they seem logical or ethical to him, he has reward in this world only.
What are these 7 precepts?:
G-d commanded the first man 6 precepts. 5 prohibitions: idolatry, blaspheming, murder, forbidden relations and theft and one order: establish a system of judges. Later G-d allows Noah to eat animals after he leaves the ark and adds the precept of the prohibition of eating a portion of a live animal.
Some details:
1. Idolatry. The concept of idolatry consists of believing that there are other gods. It is having images, and praying to other things like angels, stars, etc. This is completely prohibited for all human beings and for Jews as well.
2. Blaspheme. The prohibition consists of cursing the name of G-d with any type of adjective.
3. Murder. The prohibition includes a fetus in the womb of its mother. In the laws of the Jews it is explained that if a fetus is harming its mother it is allowed to remove it but you must always consult with a rabbi who is an expert in these matters if you have any doubts.
4. Prohibited relationships. The prohibition consists of not having relations with the mother, with the father's wife, with another married woman (gentile marriage consists of a woman being separated by a man to live with her, divorce consists of physical separation, that is that they no longer live together), with the sister on the mother's side, with another man and with animals. In turn, a gentile married woman is prohibited from having relations with a man, whether he is single or not.
5. Theft.
6. Consume a portion of a live animal. It is prohibited to eat a part of an animal that is still alive. What you should do is first cut the throat or slaughter the animal and only then can you eat part of that animal.
7. Establish judges in each city who will judge the Gentiles according to the precepts described above. For Nachmanides (who lived approximately 100 years after Maimonides) this precept includes the aforementioned and adds that one must judge according to the laws of the Torah on economic transactions (deception, etc.).
Our Wise men say that Gentiles are prohibited from crossing two different types of animals or plants, which is a prohibition for Jews, but the punishment for non-compliance is different from the punishment for Jews.
There is currently a discussion among the Sages in our times if the Jewish people have to concern themselves with spreading these seven laws. The opinion of the Chabad Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, of blessed memory, is that it should be done. The Rebbe mentions that Maimonides himself says that the Jewish people must spread these laws to all peoples.
In ancient times this was not done because it meant danger to life due to the constant persecutions that the Jewish people suffered. throughout history.
However, in our times, teaching and spreading the Noahide laws is appropriate and is an integral part of the preparation of the entire world for the arrival of Mashiach. Even in the time of Reagan, he declared that all inhabitants of the United States must comply with these laws because the country supported their observance.
In the era of Mashiach, all human beings will serve G-d shoulder to shoulder, all together (see Tzefania 3:9), acknowledging the presence of G-d. Through each of us fulfilling our mission: for Jews it is to fulfill the 613 laws and for non-Jews to fulfill the 7 Noahide laws, we reach plenitude in our lives and this will allow us to have the presence of Moshiach among us. us fast, in our days.